Adaptive changes of the circulatory system in strength sports athletes

Abstract

Many factors determine the effect of regular physical exercises on the body of athletes, the leading of which is the mode of exercise, its intensity and direction. Reactive and adaptive changes under the influence of training loads are ensured thanks to forming new functional systems. The effectiveness of sports activities ultimately depends on their integrative activity. At the same time, the specificity of adaptation is manifested in those organs and organ systems that contribute most significantly to a sports result. Adaptive changes in these systems, collectively complementing each other, determine the cumulative effect of training. The processes of formation of long-term adaptation to physical exertion represent a dynamic unity of quantitative transformations, which are combined with qualitative changes. One of the leading functional systems, which to some extent can limit the effectiveness of an athlete’s body, is the circulatory system. Long-term adaptation of the executive organs of the cardiovascular system in response to the regular impact of physical exertion is manifested by a change in the morphological and physiological parameters of its executive organs, which, together with the adaptation of the mechanisms of regulation of the circulatory system, allows the athlete to increase the functional reserves of the body. The desire of representatives of strength sports to achieve the best result is accompanied by the maximum realization of all functional reserves of the athlete’s body, including compensatory and adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system. In the improper construction of the training process, an inadequately selected regime and the performance of physical exercises, powerful sports loads can cause the development of certain pre-pathological or even pathological changes in the activity of the heart and blood vessels. In turn, these dysfunctional disorders increase the risk of life-threatening conditions and can lead to sudden cardiac arrest of an athlete. In order to optimally control the adaptation processes of athletes in strength sports, comprehensive control of the activity of the cardiovascular system is necessary, which acutely actualizes the need for a more detailed study of the problems of heart remodelling and the hemodynamic system in strength athletes.